Crecimiento, producción y absorción nutricional del cultivo de pepino (CUCUMIS SATIVUS l.) con dos soluciones nutritivas en ambiente protegido en la zona de San Carlos, Costa Rica

Abstract

We cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in greenhouse using two nutritive solutions in opened hydroponic system at San Carlos Costa Rica, between August 2015 and 2016 January., Cultivars used were Monalisa, Modán RZ, and Tropicuke, in an experimental design of split time plots; evaluated cultivars by each nutrient solution with four replications per treatment. The materials were planted in plastic containers fitted with a system of fertirrigation coconut fiber substrate and tutoring, growth, production, fruit quality and nutrient absorption measurements were evaluated. The accumulated nutritional absorption in the cucumber cultivars using each of nutritive solutions differed among themselves, as well as its growth and production at the end of the crop cycle. Steiner Universal nutritive solution was superior to Adjusted nutritive solution, them cultivars reached ranges of 270.03 cm to 287,92 cm and 221,72 cm to 278,28 cm of height maximum, 61,86 to 82,83 and 18,27 to 20.75 leaves by plant, 432,98 cm2 to 562,83 cm2 and 148,88 cm2 to 202,47 cm2 in area leaf, 6.41 to 8.34 and 2.21 to 4.16 of index of area leaf , 294,86 g to 349,70 g and 174,94 g to 206,50 g of weight fresh of foliage (part air + root), 342,60 g to 361,97 g and 20.67 g to 274,40 g of weight fresh of fruit, 21,38 g to 27,76 g and 13,55 g to 15,38 g of weight dry of foliage, 5.53 g to 11.06 g and 4.43 g to 7.92 g of weight dry respectively. With the Steiner nutrient solution and cv Modán RZ reached maximum yields (2895,31 g/plant), with the adjusted nutrient solution the cultivars reached relatively low yields (< 350 g/plant). He content of solid soluble of them fruits of them cultivars Modan RZ and Tropicuke with the solution nutritive Adjusted were low (2.80 ° Brix and 3.15 ° Brix respectively), with the Steiner Universal nutritive solution them fruits reached values between them 3.60 ° Brix and 4.08 ° Brix. The absorption of nutrients accumulated in cultivars with the Steiner nutrient solution with order of K > N > Ca > Mg > P differs from cv Tropicuke with the adjusted nutrient solution in the absorption of phosphorus on magnesium showing the order K > N > Ca > P > Mg. Iron and zinc showed differences in absorption of plants of cultivars using a solution with respect to the other, the order of absorption with the Steiner nutrient solution was Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu and solution nutrient adjusted was Zn > Fe > Mn > Cu. The use of the adjusted nutrient solution was inferior to the Steiner Universal nutritive solution in the three cultivars studied cucumber.