Herramientas para la estimación de Huella de Carbono de proyectos constructivos

Abstract

The construction projects are responsible for the generation of more than a third of the total GHG emissions, which is why the need arises to create tools that allow the quantification of the carbon footprint to identify the environmental impact related to climate change. To address the problem raised, different methodologies have been created at an international level that are responsible for guiding project developers in the quantification of CO2 emissions. The present study creates a methodological guide applicable to Costa Rica based on the guidelines established by ISO/TS 14067:2013 with a life cycle analysis approach in which only the production stages of raw materials and the construction, taking into consideration the parameters of raw material manufacturing, electricity consumption, fossil fuel consumption, generation of wastewater and the generation of solid waste. In addition, based on this methodological guide, a carbon footprint calculator was created for construction projects using the Microsoft Excel 2013 software. The tools created were tested using the case study of the construction of the TEC student residences, in which uses information from the D1-SETENA instrument and the P-PGA characteristic of an environmental impact assessment. It was possible to obtain that the construction will generate around 0.59 to 0.97 tons of CO2 eq/m2 per year. The previous results allows to identify that created tolls effectively provide a result to make decisions regarding the significance of GHG emissions emitted by the construction of the construction project.