Estrategia para el fortalecimiento de las capacidades organizacionales en la formulación de proyectos del Área de Conservación Central, Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación
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Bermúdez-Rodríguez, Oscar
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Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Abstract
El presente estudio se fundamenta en la situación que enfrenta el Área de Conservación
Central (ACC) en la aplicación de buenas prácticas en la formulación de proyectos, señalada
por instancias como el Ministerio de Planificación Nacional y de Política Económica
(MIDEPLAN) y la Contraloría General de la República (CGR), condición que dificulta
acceder a fondos públicos. El objetivo general contemplado fue desarrollar una estrategia de
fortalecimiento de las capacidades organizacionales en la formulación de proyectos del ACC,
evaluando el estado actual, el nivel deseado y las prioridades para el aprovechamiento de
oportunidades de financiamiento.
Para determinar el estado actual, el deseado y las brechas de las capacidades
organizacionales, se consideró la aplicación de cuestionarios, revisión documental y
bibliográfica, consulta a expertos y benchmarking. Como marco de referencia se utilizó el
modelo desarrollado por Manuel Álvarez Cervantes denominado “Evaluación de Madurez”,
mismo que se basa en el modelo de Gestión Estratégica del Desempeño, al cual para el
presente estudio se le realizó una adaptación. El análisis del estado actual concluyó que la
organización posee un nivel Medio Bajo, al obtener una calificación del 31% y el estado
deseado se estableció en un nivel Alto (87%). La brecha general se estimó en un 56%, donde
59 de las 72 prácticas evaluadas poseen una iteración irregular, poca estandarización o una
nula instauración. Se identificaron nueve iniciativas, siendo priorizadas cinco, las cuales
abordan aspectos relacionados a la estructuración de procesos, capacitación, asignación de
roles y responsabilidades, comunicación y conformación de unidades de apoyo.
En conclusión, se logró comprobar la condición que enfrenta la organización en
formulación de proyectos y cumplimiento de los marcos reguladores, para lo cual se
desarrolló una propuesta estratégica constituida con la intención subsanar las carencias que
posee la organización. Las recomendaciones se enfocan en mantener un proceso de mejora
continua y ordenanza, vinculado al apoyo interinstitucional, potencialización de las
fortalezas, instauración de lineamientos internos y propiciar la sociabilización y desarrollo
del programa de capacitación en proyectos públicos.
This study is based on the situation faced by the ACC in the application of good practices in the creation of projects, appointed by institutions such as MIDEPLAN and the CGR, a condition that affects access to public funds. The general objective is to develop a strategy to strengthen organizational capacities in the formulation of projects in the ACC, evaluating the current status, the desired level and priorities to take advantage of financing opportunities. To determine the current and desired status and gaps in organizational capacities, the application of questionnaires, documentary and bibliographic review, expert consultation and benchmarking were considered. As referential framework, the model developed by Manuel Álvarez Cervantes was used, with an adaptation. The analysis of the current state concluded that the organization has a Medium Low level, obtaining a qualification of 31%, while the desired state is considered at a High level (87%). The general gap was estimated at 56%, where 59 out of the 72 practices evaluated have an irregular iteration, little standardization, or were not established. Nine initiatives were identified, five being prioritized, which address aspects related to the structuring of processes, training, assignment of roles and responsibilities, communication, and creation of support units. In conclusion, it was possible to verify the condition faced by the organization in project creation and compliance with regulatory frameworks, for which a strategic proposal was developed with the intention of correcting the deficiencies that the organization has. The initiatives include practices of the seven capacities evaluated, being considered as an integral solution. The recommendations focus on maintaining a process of continuous improvement and ordinance, linked to inter-institutional support, enhancement of strengths, establishment of internal guidelines and promote the socialization and systematization of the training program in public project.
This study is based on the situation faced by the ACC in the application of good practices in the creation of projects, appointed by institutions such as MIDEPLAN and the CGR, a condition that affects access to public funds. The general objective is to develop a strategy to strengthen organizational capacities in the formulation of projects in the ACC, evaluating the current status, the desired level and priorities to take advantage of financing opportunities. To determine the current and desired status and gaps in organizational capacities, the application of questionnaires, documentary and bibliographic review, expert consultation and benchmarking were considered. As referential framework, the model developed by Manuel Álvarez Cervantes was used, with an adaptation. The analysis of the current state concluded that the organization has a Medium Low level, obtaining a qualification of 31%, while the desired state is considered at a High level (87%). The general gap was estimated at 56%, where 59 out of the 72 practices evaluated have an irregular iteration, little standardization, or were not established. Nine initiatives were identified, five being prioritized, which address aspects related to the structuring of processes, training, assignment of roles and responsibilities, communication, and creation of support units. In conclusion, it was possible to verify the condition faced by the organization in project creation and compliance with regulatory frameworks, for which a strategic proposal was developed with the intention of correcting the deficiencies that the organization has. The initiatives include practices of the seven capacities evaluated, being considered as an integral solution. The recommendations focus on maintaining a process of continuous improvement and ordinance, linked to inter-institutional support, enhancement of strengths, establishment of internal guidelines and promote the socialization and systematization of the training program in public project.
Description
Proyecto de Graduación (Maestría en Gerencia de Proyectos) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Área Académica Gerencia de Proyectos, 2021
Keywords
Capacidad organizacional, Formulación de proyectos, Brecha -- Capacidad, Tecnología, Áreas de conservación, Mejoramiento continuo, Ordenanzas, Cultura organizacional, Organizational capacity, Project formulation, Technology, Gap -- Capacity, Conservation areas, Continuous improvement, Ordinances, Organizational culture, Research Subject Categories::SOCIAL SCIENCES::Business and economics