Programa participativo de restauración ecológica en fincas agrícolas de la zona sur de Cartago
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Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Abstract
Algunos modelos de producción agrícola han dado lugar a una matriz antropocéntrica de grandes extensiones con poca o ninguna vegetación natural, donde predomina el uso de agroquímicos, provocando impactos negativos en el ambiente y la sociedad. Numerosos estudios han demostrado la importancia de mantener un entorno rico en biodiversidad en los campos de cultivo, dado que una mayor riqueza de organismos contribuye a la diversidad funcional y al adecuado desarrollo de procesos ecológicos clave para la producción agrícola. Ciertas áreas dentro de fincas sin uso productivo pueden aprovecharse para generar hábitats mediante técnicas de restauración ecológica, como una estrategia que favorece tanto la biodiversidad como los medios de vida locales. El propósito y alcance de este estudio fue implementar y evaluar un programa de restauración ecológica en fincas agrícolas del sur de Cartago, orientado a integrar la biodiversidad en los sistemas productivos y fortalecer capacidades locales mediante un enfoque participativo. Se analizaron percepciones de productores, se desarrollaron procesos de capacitación, se identificaron vacíos de información y se implementó un programa de reforestación con especies nativas. Los resultados evidenciaron una amplia participación (261 personas) y una efectiva articulación entre actores académicos, institucionales y comunitarios, lo que facilitó la apropiación local de las acciones. Participaron personas productoras, centros educativos, organizaciones comunitarias, instituciones públicas y voluntariado estudiantil, fortaleciendo el intercambio de conocimientos y la vinculación entre la academia y el territorio. La reforestación en nueve fincas, junto con el monitoreo y la generación de información técnica, permitió sentar bases para la restauración productiva. Además, se desarrollaron talleres de capacitación y educación ambiental, se generó una base de datos digital con temas prioritarios para investigación y extensión, y se identificaron oportunidades vinculadas con turismo sostenible y adaptación al cambio climático. La georreferenciación de los árboles sembrados y el monitoreo de su crecimiento y estado sanitario permitieron contar con insumos para el seguimiento técnico de las áreas intervenidas. Los resultados del proyecto evidencian el valor de la extensión universitaria como un mecanismo clave para la co-construcción de conocimiento y la articulación efectiva entre la academia y las comunidades, contribuyendo a la generación de soluciones contextualizadas y sostenibles. Se concluye que el enfoque participativo es clave para el éxito de estas iniciativas; sin embargo, procesos como la reforestación requieren mayor seguimiento a largo plazo, así como el fortalecimiento del acompañamiento técnico y la gestión con actores locales para garantizar su sostenibilidad. Asimismo, la experiencia evidenció la importancia de formalizar compromisos con las personas participantes y de considerar proyectos de mayor duración para consolidar los resultados ecológicos y sociales de las acciones implementadas.
Abstract Some agricultural production models have led to an anthropocentric landscape dominated by large fields with little or no natural vegetation, where agrochemical use prevails, causing negative environmental and social impacts. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of maintaining biodiversity-rich environments within agricultural systems, as greater species richness contributes to functional diversity and the proper functioning of key ecological processes that support agricultural production. Certain non-productive areas within farms can be used to create habitats through ecological restoration techniques, as a strategy that benefits both biodiversity conservation and local livelihoods. The purpose and scope of this study were to implement and evaluate an ecological restoration program in agricultural farms in southern Cartago, aimed at integrating biodiversity into production systems and strengthening local capacities through a participatory approach. Farmers’ perceptions were analyzed, training processes were conducted, knowledge gaps were identified, and a reforestation program using native species was implemented. The results showed broad participation (261 people) and effective collaboration among academic, institutional, and community stakeholders, which facilitated local ownership of the implemented actions. Participants included farmers, educational institutions, community organizations, public institutions, and student volunteers, strengthening knowledge exchange and the link between academia and local communities. Reforestation was carried out on nine farms, and together with monitoring and technical data generation, these actions laid the foundation for productive restoration. In addition, training and environmental education workshops were conducted, a digital database of priority topics for research and extension was developed, and opportunities related to sustainable tourism and climate change adaptation were identified. The georeferencing of planted trees and the monitoring of their growth and health status provided key inputs for the technical follow-up of restored areas. The results highlight the value of university extension as a key mechanism for the co-creation of knowledge and effective collaboration between academia and communities, contributing to the development of context-based and sustainable solutions. It is concluded that a participatory approach is essential for the success of such initiatives; however, processes such as reforestation require longer-term monitoring, as well as strengthened technical support and stakeholder engagement to ensure sustainability. Furthermore, the experience highlighted the importance of formalizing agreements with participants and implementing longer-term projects to consolidate the ecological and social outcomes of restoration efforts.
Abstract Some agricultural production models have led to an anthropocentric landscape dominated by large fields with little or no natural vegetation, where agrochemical use prevails, causing negative environmental and social impacts. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of maintaining biodiversity-rich environments within agricultural systems, as greater species richness contributes to functional diversity and the proper functioning of key ecological processes that support agricultural production. Certain non-productive areas within farms can be used to create habitats through ecological restoration techniques, as a strategy that benefits both biodiversity conservation and local livelihoods. The purpose and scope of this study were to implement and evaluate an ecological restoration program in agricultural farms in southern Cartago, aimed at integrating biodiversity into production systems and strengthening local capacities through a participatory approach. Farmers’ perceptions were analyzed, training processes were conducted, knowledge gaps were identified, and a reforestation program using native species was implemented. The results showed broad participation (261 people) and effective collaboration among academic, institutional, and community stakeholders, which facilitated local ownership of the implemented actions. Participants included farmers, educational institutions, community organizations, public institutions, and student volunteers, strengthening knowledge exchange and the link between academia and local communities. Reforestation was carried out on nine farms, and together with monitoring and technical data generation, these actions laid the foundation for productive restoration. In addition, training and environmental education workshops were conducted, a digital database of priority topics for research and extension was developed, and opportunities related to sustainable tourism and climate change adaptation were identified. The georeferencing of planted trees and the monitoring of their growth and health status provided key inputs for the technical follow-up of restored areas. The results highlight the value of university extension as a key mechanism for the co-creation of knowledge and effective collaboration between academia and communities, contributing to the development of context-based and sustainable solutions. It is concluded that a participatory approach is essential for the success of such initiatives; however, processes such as reforestation require longer-term monitoring, as well as strengthened technical support and stakeholder engagement to ensure sustainability. Furthermore, the experience highlighted the importance of formalizing agreements with participants and implementing longer-term projects to consolidate the ecological and social outcomes of restoration efforts.
Description
Proyecto de investigación. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR). Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión (VIE). Dirección de Proyectos. Escuela de Ingeniería en Agronomía, 2026.