Propuesta de perfil académico-profesional de la persona graduada para la Licenciatura en Ingeniería Electrónica: informe técnico TR-CC-IE-01
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Alvarado-Moya, Pablo
Barboza-Retana, José Miguel
Guadamuz-Brenes, Saúl
Rojas-González, Josué
Coto-Cortés, Aníbal
Fedorov, Andrei, asesor curricular
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Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Abstract
La actualización continua de los programas de ingeniería es fundamental para alinear la educación universitaria
con las exigencias del entorno tecnológico, industrial y social. Este informe técnico documenta
el proceso metodológico para el diseño, refinamiento y validación del nuevo perfil académico-profesional
(PAP) basado en competencias para la carrera de Licenciatura en Ingeniería Electrónica del Instituto
Tecnológico de Costa Rica (TEC), con el objetivo de orientar su reforma curricular a partir del año
2026.
La investigación siguió un enfoque de métodos mixtos estructurado en cuatro etapas secuenciales.
Primero, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de literatura fundamentada en marcos de referencia
internacionales de acreditación (IEA, ABET, CDIO) y requerimientos nacionales (CFIA, CRUSA), sintetizando
un perfil preliminar de 153 saberes distribuidos en 22 competencias. Segundo, la pertinencia
del perfil se contrastó empíricamente mediante el análisis semántico de 75 descripciones de puestos de
trabajo de la industria tecnológica costarricense. Tercero, se aplicó una consulta cualitativa mediante
entrevistas semiestructuradas a 19 empleadores del sector y grupos focales con 23 profesionales recientemente
graduados; este refinamiento permitió ajustar las brechas de formación y consolidar la propuesta
operativa en 120 saberes. Finalmente, el perfil se sometió a una validación estadística mediante encuestas
a 250 participantes (representando a la academia, sector empleador y graduados), utilizando
Modelos Mixtos de Enlace Acumulativo (CLMM) y análisis de disenso sectorial para jerarquizar las
prioridades evitando sesgos individuales.
Los resultados establecen un PAP definitivo organizado jerárquicamente en 8 competencias universales,
6 profesionales generales y 8 profesionales específicas. La validación confirmó una pertinencia absoluta
del perfil en todas sus dimensiones. Tanto empleadores como graduados priorizan fuertemente las
competencias universales (como el dominio del inglés, la adaptabilidad y el trabajo en equipo) y las
generales (resolución sistemática de problemas), posicionándolas por encima de la especialidad técnica
profunda, aunque el dominio de las herramientas de ingeniería es requisito de entrada a cualquier
puesto.
Se concluye que el perfil validado es estadísticamente robusto frente a la variabilidad geográfica e
industrial, cumple plenamente con los atributos del graduado exigidos por el Acuerdo de Washington
(IEA, AAPIA) y resuelve las necesidades urgentes del mercado laboral, estableciendo una base sólida
e innovadora para la formación de las futuras generaciones de profesionales en electrónica.
The sustained renewal of engineering programs is fundamental to the alignment of university education with the demands of the technological, industrial, and social landscape. This technical report documents the methodological process for the design, refinement, and validation of the new competency-based academic-professional profile (APP) for the Licenciatura program in Electronics Engineering at the Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC), with the objective of informing its curricular reform from 2026 onward. The research followed a mixed-methods approach structured in four sequential stages. First, a systematic literature review was conducted, grounded in international accreditation frameworks (IEA, ABET, CDIO) and national requirements (CFIA, CRUSA), from which a preliminary profile of 153 learning outcomes distributed across 22 competencies was synthesized. Second, the relevance of the profile was empirically contrasted through semantic analysis of 75 job descriptions drawn from the Costa Rican technology industry. Third, a qualitative consultation was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 19 industry employers and focus groups with 23 recently graduated professionals; this refinement stage enabled the identification of training gaps and the consolidation of the operational proposal into 120 learning outcomes. Finally, the profile was subjected to statistical validation through surveys administered to 250 participants (representing academia, the employer sector, and graduates), employing Cumulative Link Mixed Models (CLMM) and sectoral dissensus analysis to establish competency priorities while mitigating individual biases. The results yield a definitive APP hierarchically organized into 8 universal competencies, 6 general professional competencies, and 8 specific professional competencies. Validation confirmed the absolute relevance of the profile across all its dimensions. Both employers and graduates assign strong priority to universal competencies—such as English proficiency, adaptability, and teamwork—and to general professional competencies—notably systematic problem-solving—, placing them above deep technical specialization, even as engineering tool proficiency remains a baseline entry requirement for any professional position. This study concludes that the validated profile is statistically robust with respect to geographical and industrial variability, fully satisfies the graduate attributes stipulated by the Washington Accord (IEA, AAPIA), and addresses the urgent demands of the labor market, thereby establishing a solid and innovative foundation for the education of future generations of electronics professionals.
The sustained renewal of engineering programs is fundamental to the alignment of university education with the demands of the technological, industrial, and social landscape. This technical report documents the methodological process for the design, refinement, and validation of the new competency-based academic-professional profile (APP) for the Licenciatura program in Electronics Engineering at the Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC), with the objective of informing its curricular reform from 2026 onward. The research followed a mixed-methods approach structured in four sequential stages. First, a systematic literature review was conducted, grounded in international accreditation frameworks (IEA, ABET, CDIO) and national requirements (CFIA, CRUSA), from which a preliminary profile of 153 learning outcomes distributed across 22 competencies was synthesized. Second, the relevance of the profile was empirically contrasted through semantic analysis of 75 job descriptions drawn from the Costa Rican technology industry. Third, a qualitative consultation was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 19 industry employers and focus groups with 23 recently graduated professionals; this refinement stage enabled the identification of training gaps and the consolidation of the operational proposal into 120 learning outcomes. Finally, the profile was subjected to statistical validation through surveys administered to 250 participants (representing academia, the employer sector, and graduates), employing Cumulative Link Mixed Models (CLMM) and sectoral dissensus analysis to establish competency priorities while mitigating individual biases. The results yield a definitive APP hierarchically organized into 8 universal competencies, 6 general professional competencies, and 8 specific professional competencies. Validation confirmed the absolute relevance of the profile across all its dimensions. Both employers and graduates assign strong priority to universal competencies—such as English proficiency, adaptability, and teamwork—and to general professional competencies—notably systematic problem-solving—, placing them above deep technical specialization, even as engineering tool proficiency remains a baseline entry requirement for any professional position. This study concludes that the validated profile is statistically robust with respect to geographical and industrial variability, fully satisfies the graduate attributes stipulated by the Washington Accord (IEA, AAPIA), and addresses the urgent demands of the labor market, thereby establishing a solid and innovative foundation for the education of future generations of electronics professionals.
Description
Informe técnico TR-CC-IE-01. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR). Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica, Centro de Desarrollo Académico (CEDA), 2026
Keywords
Perfil profesional, Educación en ingeniería, Diseño -- Cambio curricular, Validación -- Estadística, Educación -- Currículo, Requerimientos -- Sector industrial, Ingeniería -- Electrónica, Diseño -- Currículo -- Competencia, Educación universitaria, Mercado laboral, Professional profile, Engineering education, Design -- Curriculum change, Validation -- Statistics, Education -- Curriculum, Requirements -- Industry sector, Engineering -- Electronics, Design -- Curriculum -- Competency, University education, Research Subject Categories::SOCIAL SCIENCES::Social sciences::Education, Research Subject Categories::SOCIAL SCIENCES::Business and economics
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