Diseño de un sistema de secado de azúcar con capacidad de 5.25 toneladas por hora para la empresa Coopevictoria R.L
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Alfaro-Barrantes, Marlon
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Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Abstract
El proceso de secado de azúcar en la empresa Coopevictoria R.L es un proceso crítico y final en la
producción de azúcar refino, para lo que actualmente se utiliza una secadora cuya capacidad está limitada a
3.75 toneladas de azúcar por hora, que además solo monitorea la temperatura del aire caliente entrante, lo
cual no permite a la empresa garantizar fácilmente la calidad de este proceso productivo y por ende del
producto final. Además, les resulta cercano a imposible anticiparse a un cambio ambiental o a una condición
particular para modificar de manera adecuada variables del proceso, sin antes haber producido azúcar de
calidad mejorable.
Como solución al problema, se diseñaron los elementos críticos de una secadora de azúcar tipo guardiola
con capacidad para 5.25 toneladas por hora de azúcar seco, se obtuvieron las variables de importancia
necesarias para garantizar calidad en el proceso de secado y se diseñó una automatización utilizando Unity
Pro para medir las variables de entrada y controlar los actuadores del sistema, todo esto utilizando un PLC
M340, finalmente se creó una interfaz HMI con el propósito de que el usuario pueda controlar y monitorear
las variables del sistema, haciendo uso del sistema SCADA que la empresa posee actualmente, esto mediante
el software Ignition.
El resultado obtenido fue una secadora cuya cámara de secado tiene dimensiones de 1.42 m de diámetro y
8.38 m de longitud, con velocidad de giro máxima de 15 rpm. Elevadores diseñados para una carga de diseño
de 5.331 ton/h de azúcar húmedo y distribución de azúcar en todo el diámetro de la cámara, donde la carga
de diseño corresponde al caudal de entrada que ocasiona un llenado del volumen de la cámara al 15 por
ciento. Además, se definieron los parámetros de operación para tiempo de retención y velocidad de giro
equivalente para los gusanos de alimentación, correspondiente a 20 min y 11.5 rpm respectivamente.
Se confirmó que los elementos mecánicos analizados soportan las cargas y condiciones de operación,
donde el elemento más crítico es el piñón de la transmisión de potencia, el cual tiene con factor de seguridad
de 2.29 para picadura o contacto de los dientes utilizando las ecuaciones AGMA. Asimismo, se generaron
ecuaciones matemáticas para distintas variables de interés que luego fueron aplicadas en la automatización y
la interfaz SCADA, ambas propuestas funcionaron de la manera en la cual fueron diseñadas proporcionando
al usuario la capacidad de monitorear y modificar las variables de interés, resultando en una manipulación
del sistema y las variables involucradas satisfactoria.
The sugar drying process in the company Coopevictoria RL is a critical and final process in the production of refined sugar, for which a dryer is currently used whose capacity is limited to 3.75 tons of sugar per hour, besides, it only monitors the temperature of the incoming hot air, this does not allow the company to easily guarantee the quality of this production process and therefore of the final product. Furthermore, it is close to impossible for them to anticipate an environmental change or a particular condition to adequately modify process variables, without first having produced sugar of improvable quality. As a solution to the problem, the critical elements of a Guardiola type sugar dryer with a capacity of 5.25 tons per hour were designed, the critical variables necessary to guarantee quality in the drying process were obtained and an automation was designed using Unity Pro to measure the input variables and control the actuators of the system, all of this using a PLC M340, finally an HMI interface was created with the purpose of the user being able to control and monitor the variables of the system, making use of the SCADA system that the company currently has at hand. The result obtained was a dryer whose drying chamber has dimensions of 1.42 m in diameter and 8.38 m in length, with a maximum rotation speed of 15 rpm. Elevators designed for a design load of 5,331 ton / h of humid sugar and distribution of sugar throughout the diameter of the chamber, where the design load corresponds to the inlet flow that causes the chamber to be filled to 15 percent of its volume. In addition, the operating parameters for retention time and equivalent rotational speed were defined for the feeding worms, corresponding to 20 min and 11.5 rpm respectively. It was confirmed that the mechanical elements analyzed support the loads and operating conditions, where the most critical element is the power transmission pinion, which has a safety factor of 2.29 for pitting or contact of the teeth using the AGMA equations. Likewise, mathematical equations were generated for different variables of interest that were later applied in the automation and the SCADA interface, both proposals worked in the way in which they were designed, providing the user with the ability to monitor and modify the variables of interest, resulting in a satisfactory manipulation of the system and the variables involved.
The sugar drying process in the company Coopevictoria RL is a critical and final process in the production of refined sugar, for which a dryer is currently used whose capacity is limited to 3.75 tons of sugar per hour, besides, it only monitors the temperature of the incoming hot air, this does not allow the company to easily guarantee the quality of this production process and therefore of the final product. Furthermore, it is close to impossible for them to anticipate an environmental change or a particular condition to adequately modify process variables, without first having produced sugar of improvable quality. As a solution to the problem, the critical elements of a Guardiola type sugar dryer with a capacity of 5.25 tons per hour were designed, the critical variables necessary to guarantee quality in the drying process were obtained and an automation was designed using Unity Pro to measure the input variables and control the actuators of the system, all of this using a PLC M340, finally an HMI interface was created with the purpose of the user being able to control and monitor the variables of the system, making use of the SCADA system that the company currently has at hand. The result obtained was a dryer whose drying chamber has dimensions of 1.42 m in diameter and 8.38 m in length, with a maximum rotation speed of 15 rpm. Elevators designed for a design load of 5,331 ton / h of humid sugar and distribution of sugar throughout the diameter of the chamber, where the design load corresponds to the inlet flow that causes the chamber to be filled to 15 percent of its volume. In addition, the operating parameters for retention time and equivalent rotational speed were defined for the feeding worms, corresponding to 20 min and 11.5 rpm respectively. It was confirmed that the mechanical elements analyzed support the loads and operating conditions, where the most critical element is the power transmission pinion, which has a safety factor of 2.29 for pitting or contact of the teeth using the AGMA equations. Likewise, mathematical equations were generated for different variables of interest that were later applied in the automation and the SCADA interface, both proposals worked in the way in which they were designed, providing the user with the ability to monitor and modify the variables of interest, resulting in a satisfactory manipulation of the system and the variables involved.
Description
Proyecto de Graduación (Licenciatura en Ingeniería Mecatrónica) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Área Académica de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, 2021
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