Estimación de la huella de carbono de tres especies forestales utilizadas en Costa Rica, mediante un enfoque de análisis de ciclo de vida
Loading...
Date
Authors
Fallas-Mora, Jonathan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Abstract
La investigación desarrollada en esta tesis se centra en la evaluación del impacto ambiental
generado por la extracción e industrialización de tres especies forestales en Costa Rica, abarcando desde
la tala hasta su preparación final antes de la venta como madera seca sin cepillar, en lo que denomino un
análisis de la tala a la puerta. Este estudio se alinea con el compromiso del país por mantener un desarrollo
sostenible y responsable con el entorno natural, especialmente relevante en la industria maderera, un
sector de notoria influencia económica y ambiental.
Utilizando el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) conforme a la norma INTE/ISO 14067:2019 y el
software SimaPro, se realiza una meticulosa cuantificación de la huella de carbono de las especies
forestales seleccionadas. La elección de estas especies se basó en criterios técnicos que incluyen la
disponibilidad en el mercado y la disponibilidad de datos, entre otros factores. La información recopilada
y analizada ofrece una visión clara de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero por cada fase del
proceso productivo, permitiendo así identificar las etapas que más contribuyen a la huella de carbono
total y examinar la relación entre las características intrínsecas de las especies forestales y sus respectivas
huellas de carbono.
Los resultados obtenidos tienen implicaciones significativas para la industria maderera del país,
proporcionando a los actores del sector una visión más clara de los impactos ambientales de sus
operaciones. Esto facilita la adopción de prácticas más sostenibles y la elección consciente de especies
forestales que contribuyan a una menor huella de carbono, aspectos de gran importancia en el contexto
actual de toma de decisiones comerciales y de inversión orientadas a la sostenibilidad.
Este trabajo también identifica áreas específicas dentro de la cadena de suministro donde las
mejoras podrían llevar a reducciones significativas de las emisiones, tales como la optimización de rutas
de transporte, la adopción de tecnologías más limpias y la implementación de prácticas de gestión forestal
sostenible. En un escenario global marcado por la urgencia de combatir el cambio climático, la precisa
cuantificación de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero es fundamental. Este estudio contribuye a
este esfuerzo global, no solo proporcionando datos específicos sobre las emisiones asociadas a la
producción de madera en Costa Rica, sino también ofreciendo un modelo que puede ser replicado en otras
regiones para evaluar las huellas de carbono de diversas especies y sistemas de producción maderera.
La investigación tiene la capacidad de convertirse en una herramienta invaluable para la toma de
decisiones sostenibles dentro de la industria maderera costarricense, contribuyendo así al objetivo más
amplio de mitigar el cambio climático y preservar los valiosos recursos forestales del país y del planeta.
Con la información generada, se espera influir positivamente en la formulación de políticas, regulaciones
y prácticas de construcción que favorezcan la sostenibilidad ambiental en Costa Rica.
This thesis represents an endeavor to understand and quantify the environmental impact of three wood species used in Costa Rica. Through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology with a cradle-to gate approach, this study illuminates the greenhouse gas emissions associated with each phase of the wood supply chain. Costa Rica is recognized for its commitment to environmental conservation and sustainability. The wood industry, significant to the country's economy, faces challenges in sustainable forest management and reducing environmental impacts. The LCA approach of this research entails a thorough evaluation of emissions from logging, processing, transportation, and industrialization of wood. This provides a clear view of each phase's contribution to the total carbon footprint, addressing the question: What is the impact of production and industrialization on the total carbon footprint considering the stored carbon of three wood species used in construction in Costa Rica? The research focuses on estimating the carbon footprint of three wood species through a life cycle analysis approach. For this purpose, three wood species were selected based on technical criteria such as market availability, data availability, types of uses, among others. With this selection, information from the life cycle stages from cradle to gate was compiled. Subsequently, using the INTE/ISO 14067:2019 standard and SimaPro 9.4.0.3 software, the carbon footprint of each species was estimated; allowing the identification of processes with the highest environmental impact, as well as determining if there is a correlation between the intrinsic characteristics of each species and its carbon footprint. The results of this study have several significant implications. Firstly, they will assist stakeholders in the wood industry to better understand the environmental impacts of their operations and products, potentially leading to the adoption of more sustainable practices and the selection of wood species with lower carbon footprints. This is crucial at a time when sustainability and environmental responsibility are key factors in business and investment decisions. Additionally, this approach identified specific areas in the supply chain where improvements and significant emissions reductions can be implemented, including optimizing transport routes, adopting cleaner wood processing technologies, and sustainable forest management. In the global fight against climate change, accurate quantification of greenhouse gas emissions is essential. This study contributes to this effort by providing specific data on emissions associated with wood production in Costa Rica. Moreover, it offers a model that could be replicated in other regions to assess and compare the carbon footprints of different wood species and production systems. The research has the potential to be an invaluable tool for making sustainable decisions in the Costa Rican wood industry; by addressing the carbon footprint comprehensively, it contributes to the broader goal of mitigating climate change and preserving Costa Rica's valuable forest resources.
This thesis represents an endeavor to understand and quantify the environmental impact of three wood species used in Costa Rica. Through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology with a cradle-to gate approach, this study illuminates the greenhouse gas emissions associated with each phase of the wood supply chain. Costa Rica is recognized for its commitment to environmental conservation and sustainability. The wood industry, significant to the country's economy, faces challenges in sustainable forest management and reducing environmental impacts. The LCA approach of this research entails a thorough evaluation of emissions from logging, processing, transportation, and industrialization of wood. This provides a clear view of each phase's contribution to the total carbon footprint, addressing the question: What is the impact of production and industrialization on the total carbon footprint considering the stored carbon of three wood species used in construction in Costa Rica? The research focuses on estimating the carbon footprint of three wood species through a life cycle analysis approach. For this purpose, three wood species were selected based on technical criteria such as market availability, data availability, types of uses, among others. With this selection, information from the life cycle stages from cradle to gate was compiled. Subsequently, using the INTE/ISO 14067:2019 standard and SimaPro 9.4.0.3 software, the carbon footprint of each species was estimated; allowing the identification of processes with the highest environmental impact, as well as determining if there is a correlation between the intrinsic characteristics of each species and its carbon footprint. The results of this study have several significant implications. Firstly, they will assist stakeholders in the wood industry to better understand the environmental impacts of their operations and products, potentially leading to the adoption of more sustainable practices and the selection of wood species with lower carbon footprints. This is crucial at a time when sustainability and environmental responsibility are key factors in business and investment decisions. Additionally, this approach identified specific areas in the supply chain where improvements and significant emissions reductions can be implemented, including optimizing transport routes, adopting cleaner wood processing technologies, and sustainable forest management. In the global fight against climate change, accurate quantification of greenhouse gas emissions is essential. This study contributes to this effort by providing specific data on emissions associated with wood production in Costa Rica. Moreover, it offers a model that could be replicated in other regions to assess and compare the carbon footprints of different wood species and production systems. The research has the potential to be an invaluable tool for making sustainable decisions in the Costa Rican wood industry; by addressing the carbon footprint comprehensively, it contributes to the broader goal of mitigating climate change and preserving Costa Rica's valuable forest resources.
Description
Proyecto de Graduación (Maestría en Diseño y Construcción Sostenible) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería en Construcción, Escuela de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2024
Esta tesis cumple con el objetivo ODS 11: lograr que las ciudades y los asentamientos humanos sean inclusivos, seguros, resilientes y sostenibles. Meta 6: reducir el impacto ambiental negativo per capita de las ciudades, incluso prestando especial atención a la calidad del aire y la gestión de los desechos municipales y de otro tipo.
Esta tesis cumple con el objetivo ODS 11: lograr que las ciudades y los asentamientos humanos sean inclusivos, seguros, resilientes y sostenibles. Meta 6: reducir el impacto ambiental negativo per capita de las ciudades, incluso prestando especial atención a la calidad del aire y la gestión de los desechos municipales y de otro tipo.
Keywords
Estimación -- Huella de carbono, Ciclo de vida de los materiales, Especies forestales, Construcción sostenible, Software SimaPro, Carbono neutral, Evaluación del ciclo de vida, Norma INTE/ISO 14067:2019, Gases de efecto invernadero, Impacto ambiental, Sostenibilidad, Cadena de suministro, Tecnología limpia, Cambios climáticos, Industrias de la madera, Estimation -- Carbon footprint, Life cycle of materials, Forest species, Sustainable construction, SimaPro software, Carbon neutral, Life cycle assessment, Greenhouse gases, Environmental impact, Sustainability, Supply chain, Clean technology, Climate changes, Wood industries, Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY::Engineering mechanics::Construction engineering
Citation
Collections
Endorsement
Review
Supplemented By
Referenced By
Creative Commons license
Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as acceso abierto
