Guía para la evaluación de daños en edificaciones después de un sismo en Costa Rica
Loading...
Date
Authors
Sanabria-Meneses, Katalina
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Abstract
Costa Rica al encontrarse en una zona de alta
sismicidad, requiere desarrollar una metodología
única para evaluar el daño estructural de
edificaciones que se vean afectadas después de
un sismo. Es por ello que al proponer una
herramienta para la evaluación del impacto
estructura post-sismo se tiene como principal fin
proteger la integridad de las personas, acatando
una propuesta de actuación sobre un edificio
específico: permitir, restringir o prohibir el acceso
al edificio. Es decir, se pretende determinar en
forma rápida pero detallada cuáles son aquellas
parcialmente dañadas, cuya entrada deba ser
restringida debido al riesgo de atentar contra la
vida humana, cuáles presentan daños severos por
los que sea necesario restringir por completo su
uso y prevenir el acceso de personas para que su
integridad no se vea comprometida, y cuáles
edificaciones son las más seguras para permitir su
ocupación. De este modo, se aspira por medio de
esta herramienta contribuir a la generación de una
base de datos que registre las edificaciones
habitables, las edificaciones dañadas o aquellas
que llegaron al colapso. Para una correcta
evaluación, la metodología propuesta contará con
un manual de uso que indique detalladamente el
modo de captura de datos. Dicha metodología fue
aplicada dos edificaciones existentes que
presentaban daños estructurales.
Costa Rica is located in an area of high seismicity, reason why it is so important to study the typological damage and usability characteristics of buildings, in the emergency phase following an earthquake, establishing a common language for the description of damage and vulnerability. Thus, developing a quick survey for post-earthquake damage assessment, short term countermeasures and usability assessment of buildings would be a vital resource, which’s main purpose would be to protect people’s integrity. In this way, the form will allow a first identification of the building usability. The observation and the interpretation of the apparent damage allows to identify the seriousness of modifications suffered by the structural and non-structural elements with respect to the reduction of safety of the building. In case of significant damage, it allows to immediately declare the no usability of the building for evident structural problems. In case of non-significant damages, on the other hand, it allows to understand which resistant mechanisms have been triggered so that building use can be restricted. Keeping track of the inspection and of the corresponding evaluation of risk and usability, will allow a better computerization of the data. With the aim of providing a tool for a correct evaluation and for a full awareness of the principles of the form, a manual which extends the procedures for preparing and carrying out the building survey is given. This methodology was applied to two existing buildings presenting structural damages as a consequence of a past earthquake.
Costa Rica is located in an area of high seismicity, reason why it is so important to study the typological damage and usability characteristics of buildings, in the emergency phase following an earthquake, establishing a common language for the description of damage and vulnerability. Thus, developing a quick survey for post-earthquake damage assessment, short term countermeasures and usability assessment of buildings would be a vital resource, which’s main purpose would be to protect people’s integrity. In this way, the form will allow a first identification of the building usability. The observation and the interpretation of the apparent damage allows to identify the seriousness of modifications suffered by the structural and non-structural elements with respect to the reduction of safety of the building. In case of significant damage, it allows to immediately declare the no usability of the building for evident structural problems. In case of non-significant damages, on the other hand, it allows to understand which resistant mechanisms have been triggered so that building use can be restricted. Keeping track of the inspection and of the corresponding evaluation of risk and usability, will allow a better computerization of the data. With the aim of providing a tool for a correct evaluation and for a full awareness of the principles of the form, a manual which extends the procedures for preparing and carrying out the building survey is given. This methodology was applied to two existing buildings presenting structural damages as a consequence of a past earthquake.
Description
Proyecto de Graduación (Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Construcción) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería en Construcción, 2019.