Propuesta de incorporación de elementos de economía circular al Convenio de Minamata sobre mercurio
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Castillo-Rodríguez, Sharon
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Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Abstract
El Convenio de Minamata tiene como objetivo reducir las emisiones y liberaciones
de mercurio al ambiente con el fin de proteger la salud humana y los ecosistemas. Dicho
Convenio limita la extracción de mercurio virgen y promueve la eliminación definitiva de
este elemento mediante técnicas ambientalmente seguras. Sin embargo, este enfoque se
considera lineal e ignora la realidad actual en la que todavía existen usos de este elemento
para el que no se han desarrollado tecnologías sustitutas. Por ende, es necesario asegurar una
reincorporación del mercurio dentro de las cadenas productivas permitidas por medio de un
enfoque alternativo, por ejemplo, circular. En consecuencia, esta investigación propone
identificar elementos de economía circular en el Convenio y proponer la inclusión de aquellos
ausentes. Así, se evaluó la presencia de elementos de economía circular por medio de
indicadores cualitativos obtenidos de literatura especializada. Posteriormente, se realizaron
entrevistas a expertos y se sometieron los indicadores por medio de una matriz de
priorización. Las calificaciones generales para las diferentes categorías de indicadores de
economía circular se encuentran por debajo del 50% de cumplimiento. A excepción de la
categoría de competitividad e innovación, que cuenta con un cumplimiento del 81%. Se
propone incluir en el Convenio de Minamata párrafos enfocados en la jerarquización de la
gestión integral de los residuos de mercurio, así como el reciclaje y la existencia de un
mercado de mercurio de origen secundario. De igual forma es necesario desarrollar un marco
de regulación que asegure la autosuficiencia del abastecimiento de mercurio para los usos
permitidos, e impulsar las compras públicas libres de mercurio. Por consiguiente, se concluye
que el Convenio de Minamata cuenta con oportunidades de mejora relacionadas con la
inclusión de elementos de economía circular.
The Minamata Convention aims to reduce emissions and releases of mercury into the environment in order to protect human health. This Convention limits the extraction of virgin mercury and promotes the definitive disposal of this element through environmentally safe techniques. However, this approach is considered linear and ignores the current reality in which there are still uses of this element for which substitute technologies have not been developed. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure a return of mercury within the permitted production chains through a circular approach. Consequently, this research proposes to identify the elements of circular economy in the Convention and propose the inclusion of those absent. Thus, the presence of circular economy elements was evaluated by qualitative indicators from specialized literature. Subsequently, interviews with experts were conducted and indicators were ranked through a prioritization matrix. The overall ratings for the different categories of circular economy indicators are below 50% compliance. Except for the competitiveness and innovation category, which has a compliance of 81%. It is proposed to include in the Minamata Convention paragraphs focused on the hierarchy of the integral management of mercury waste, as well as recycling and the existence of a market for mercury of secondary origin. Similarly, it is necessary to develop a regulatory framework that ensures the self-sufficiency of the supply of mercury for permitted uses, and to promote mercury-free public procurement. Therefore, it is concluded that the Minamata Convention has opportunities for improvement related to the inclusion of circular economy elements.
The Minamata Convention aims to reduce emissions and releases of mercury into the environment in order to protect human health. This Convention limits the extraction of virgin mercury and promotes the definitive disposal of this element through environmentally safe techniques. However, this approach is considered linear and ignores the current reality in which there are still uses of this element for which substitute technologies have not been developed. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure a return of mercury within the permitted production chains through a circular approach. Consequently, this research proposes to identify the elements of circular economy in the Convention and propose the inclusion of those absent. Thus, the presence of circular economy elements was evaluated by qualitative indicators from specialized literature. Subsequently, interviews with experts were conducted and indicators were ranked through a prioritization matrix. The overall ratings for the different categories of circular economy indicators are below 50% compliance. Except for the competitiveness and innovation category, which has a compliance of 81%. It is proposed to include in the Minamata Convention paragraphs focused on the hierarchy of the integral management of mercury waste, as well as recycling and the existence of a market for mercury of secondary origin. Similarly, it is necessary to develop a regulatory framework that ensures the self-sufficiency of the supply of mercury for permitted uses, and to promote mercury-free public procurement. Therefore, it is concluded that the Minamata Convention has opportunities for improvement related to the inclusion of circular economy elements.
Description
Proyecto de Graduación (Licenciatura en Ingeniería Ambiental) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Química, 2022
Keywords
Economía circular, Contaminación por mercurio, Emisiones, Reciclaje, Sustancias tóxicas, Normas ambientales, Circular economy, Mercury contamination, Emissions, Mercury pollution, Recycling, Toxic substances, Environmental standards, Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY::Other technology::Environmental engineering
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