Evaluación del producto Clear Chem como coadyuvante en el proceso de coagulación-floculación del sulfato de aluminio en la Planta Potabilizadora AyA Guadalupe, Goicoechea
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Castro-Ramírez, Valeria
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Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Abstract
El acceso al agua potable es uno de los derechos humanos básicos, por tal razón, la
meta 6.1 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) exige un acceso universal al agua
potable salubre y asequible. Con el objetivo de garantizar un abastecimiento salubre, las sales
de aluminio comúnmente se utilizan en el tratamiento del agua, específicamente en el proceso
de coagulación. No obstante, este uso puede representar un riesgo potencial para la salud
humana. La problemática de ciertas plantas de tratamiento de agua potable (PTAP) del Instituto
Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA), como es el caso de la Planta
Potabilizadora AyA Guadalupe, radica en que a pesar de sus esfuerzos por aplicar dosis
óptimas de sulfato de aluminio, se obtienen valores de aluminio residual superiores a 0,2 mg/l
en el agua tratada, siendo éste el valor máximo admisible según el Reglamento para la Calidad
del Agua Potable en Costa Rica. En esta investigación se presenta el análisis de la factibilidad
del producto Clear Chem como coadyuvante en el proceso de coagulación-floculación del
sulfato de aluminio en los procesos unitarios del sistema de tratamiento de agua potable de la
PTAP de Guadalupe. Para ello, se analizó mediante ensayos de prueba de jarras la dosis óptima
de sulfato de aluminio y de Clear Chem a utilizar en el proceso de coagulación, además, se
evalúo los parámetros fisicoquímicos del nivel primero (N1) y el aluminio residual,
perteneciente al nivel segundo (N2). Se identificó que el producto Clear Chem no resulta viable
como coadyuvante de coagulación en la reducción de turbiedad y aluminio residual en la PTAP
de Guadalupe. Se desarrolló una guía metodológica con el objetivo de que el AyA evalúe
productos químicos que pueda utilizar en la reducción del aluminio residual en la PTAP de
Guadalupe.
Access to safe drinking water is one of the basic human rights, which is why target 6.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) calls for universal access to safe and affordable drinking water. In order to ensure a safe supply, aluminum salts are commonly used in water treatment, specifically in the coagulation process. However, this use can pose a potential risk to human health. The problem of certain drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) of the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewerage (AyA), as is the case of the AyA Guadalupe Water Treatment Plant, is that despite its efforts to apply optimal doses of aluminum sulfate, residual aluminum values higher than 0.2 mg/l are obtained in the treated water, which is the maximum admissible value according to the Regulation for Drinking Water Quality in Costa Rica. This research presents the analysis of the feasibility of the product Clear Chem as a coadjuvant in the coagulation-flocculation process of aluminum sulfate in the unitary processes of the drinking water treatment system of the Guadalupe DWTP. For this purpose, the optimum dosage of aluminum sulfate and Clear Chem to be used in the coagulation process was analyzed by means of jar test trials. In addition, the physicochemical parameters of the first level (N1) and the residual aluminum, belonging to the second level (N2), were evaluated. It was identified that the Clear Chem product is not viable as a coagulation coadjuvant in the reduction of turbidity and residual aluminum in the Guadalupe WTP. A methodological guide was developed for the AyA to evaluate chemical products that can be used in the reduction of residual aluminum in the Guadalupe WTP.
Access to safe drinking water is one of the basic human rights, which is why target 6.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) calls for universal access to safe and affordable drinking water. In order to ensure a safe supply, aluminum salts are commonly used in water treatment, specifically in the coagulation process. However, this use can pose a potential risk to human health. The problem of certain drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) of the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewerage (AyA), as is the case of the AyA Guadalupe Water Treatment Plant, is that despite its efforts to apply optimal doses of aluminum sulfate, residual aluminum values higher than 0.2 mg/l are obtained in the treated water, which is the maximum admissible value according to the Regulation for Drinking Water Quality in Costa Rica. This research presents the analysis of the feasibility of the product Clear Chem as a coadjuvant in the coagulation-flocculation process of aluminum sulfate in the unitary processes of the drinking water treatment system of the Guadalupe DWTP. For this purpose, the optimum dosage of aluminum sulfate and Clear Chem to be used in the coagulation process was analyzed by means of jar test trials. In addition, the physicochemical parameters of the first level (N1) and the residual aluminum, belonging to the second level (N2), were evaluated. It was identified that the Clear Chem product is not viable as a coagulation coadjuvant in the reduction of turbidity and residual aluminum in the Guadalupe WTP. A methodological guide was developed for the AyA to evaluate chemical products that can be used in the reduction of residual aluminum in the Guadalupe WTP.
Description
Proyecto de Graduación (Licenciatura en Ingeniería Ambiental) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Química, 2023.
Esta tesis cumple con el objetivo ODS 6: garantizar la disponibilidad y la gestión sostenible del agua y el saneamiento para todas las personas. Meta 1: lograr el acceso universal y equitativo al agua potable a un precio asequible para todos.
Esta tesis cumple con el objetivo ODS 6: garantizar la disponibilidad y la gestión sostenible del agua y el saneamiento para todas las personas. Meta 1: lograr el acceso universal y equitativo al agua potable a un precio asequible para todos.
Keywords
Floculadores, Coagulación -- Sulfato de aluminio, Planta Potabilizadora, Tratamiento del agua, Clear Chem, Floculación, Evaluación -- Productos químicos, Agua potable, Flocculators, Aluminum sulfate, Water treatment plant, Flocculation, Evaluation -- Chemicals, Drinking water, Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY::Chemical engineering, Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY::Other technology::Environmental engineering
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