Modelo de sistemas electromecánicos integrados de gestión para pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en el sector industrial aplicado en La Nacional S. A. según la norma ISO 50001
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Authors
Saborío-Ortiz, Oscar Mario
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Publisher
Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Abstract
La Nacional S. A. es una empresa productora de vinos e importadora y distribuidora de
licores. Para mayo del 2023, pasó sus operaciones administrativas, bodegas e inventarios a la
localidad de Moravia, por lo que dichas instalaciones tuvieron que ser remodeladas para la
habitación de los colaboradores. Los circuitos actuales están colapsando, lo cual ha provocado que
equipos se dañen, generen arcos eléctricos que pueden afectar a las personas o a los inventarios,
ya que podrían provocar un incendio catastrófico. Para solucionar la problemática presentada, se
hizo uso del NEC 2014 para la elaboración del diseño eléctrico sustituyendo únicamente los
equipos que deben ser cambiados y reacomodando los circuitos para aprovechar al máximo los
tableros y los disyuntores disponibles. Para esto, se midió con multímetro de gancho digital las
corrientes y los voltajes que pasan por fase en cada uno de los tableros para evitar el
sobrecalentamiento de los cables, principal causa de incendios en las industrias, según bomberos
de Costa Rica, así como el sobredimensionamiento de las cargas en los tableros eléctricos junto
con las protecciones de cortocircuitos adecuadas. Por otra parte, se realizó el análisis de
cortocircuito mediante el método de impedancias para determinar la corriente de cortocircuito en
una eventual falla en la acometida de La Nacional S. A. y verificar la viabilidad del diseño
propuesto. Adicionalmente, se diseñó un sistema contra incendios que involucra la detección,
según la NFPA 72 2016, y un sistema de supresión, mediante la norma NFPA 10 2018. Para
calcular la viabilidad de la implementación, se realizó un análisis del costo-beneficio que contrastó
los beneficios intangibles con los costos por instalación y funcionamiento, dando un resultado de
2, lo que significa que es viable proteger La Nacional S. A. Para validar el análisis de costo
beneficio, se solicitaron dos cotizaciones individualmente para la instalación eléctrica y otra para
los sistemas contra incendios en el cual se contrasta los costos de adquisición e instalación contra
el riesgo de no poseerlo. Asimismo, se cotizaron vía internet los precios de repuestos u otros, ya
que de algunos proveedores no se obtuvo respuesta.
La Nacional S.A is a wine producing company, importer and distributor of liquor which that May 2023 moved its administrative operations, warehouses and inventories to Moravia. These structures had to be remodeled for the employee´s occupation, so the Current circuits are collapsing, which has caused equipment to be damaged, generate electrical arcs that can affect people or inventories, potentially causing a catastrophic fire. To solve the problem presented, the NEC 2014 was used to prepare the electrical design, replacing only the equipment that must be changed and rearranging the circuits to make the most of the available panels and circuit breakers, measuring the currents and voltages with a digital hook multimeter. that pass by phase in each of the panels to avoid overheating of the cables, the main cause of fires according to Costa Rican firefighters in industries, as well as the oversizing of loads in the electrical panels along with adequate short circuit protection, for On the other hand, the short circuit analysis was carried out using the impedance method to determine the short circuit current in an eventual failure in the connection of La Nacional S.A and verify the viability of the proposed design. Additionally, a firefighting system was designed that involves the detection according to NFPA 72 2016 and a suppression system using the NFPA 10 2018 standard. To calculate the feasibility of the implementation, a cost-benefit analysis was carried out that contrasted the intangible benefits with the installation and operation costs, giving a result of 2, which means that it is viable to protect La Nacional S.A. To validate the cost-benefit analysis, two quotes were requested individually for the electrical installation and another for the fire protection systems in which the acquisition and installation costs were contrasted against the risk of not having it. The prices of spare parts were also quoted via the Internet. or others since no response was obtained from some suppliers.
La Nacional S.A is a wine producing company, importer and distributor of liquor which that May 2023 moved its administrative operations, warehouses and inventories to Moravia. These structures had to be remodeled for the employee´s occupation, so the Current circuits are collapsing, which has caused equipment to be damaged, generate electrical arcs that can affect people or inventories, potentially causing a catastrophic fire. To solve the problem presented, the NEC 2014 was used to prepare the electrical design, replacing only the equipment that must be changed and rearranging the circuits to make the most of the available panels and circuit breakers, measuring the currents and voltages with a digital hook multimeter. that pass by phase in each of the panels to avoid overheating of the cables, the main cause of fires according to Costa Rican firefighters in industries, as well as the oversizing of loads in the electrical panels along with adequate short circuit protection, for On the other hand, the short circuit analysis was carried out using the impedance method to determine the short circuit current in an eventual failure in the connection of La Nacional S.A and verify the viability of the proposed design. Additionally, a firefighting system was designed that involves the detection according to NFPA 72 2016 and a suppression system using the NFPA 10 2018 standard. To calculate the feasibility of the implementation, a cost-benefit analysis was carried out that contrasted the intangible benefits with the installation and operation costs, giving a result of 2, which means that it is viable to protect La Nacional S.A. To validate the cost-benefit analysis, two quotes were requested individually for the electrical installation and another for the fire protection systems in which the acquisition and installation costs were contrasted against the risk of not having it. The prices of spare parts were also quoted via the Internet. or others since no response was obtained from some suppliers.
Description
Proyecto de Graduación (Licenciatura en Mantenimiento Industrial) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Electromecánica, 2023
Keywords
Electromecánica, Pequeña y Mediana Empresa, Sector industrial, pyme, Diseño eléctrico, Cortocircuitos, Detección -- Incendios, Análisis de costos, Electromechanical, Small and Medium Enterprise, Industrial sector, SME, Electrical design, Short circuits, Detection -- Fires, Cost analysis, Research Subject Categories::SOCIAL SCIENCES::Business and economics
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