Empleo de biorreactores de inmersión Temporal (BIT) para la multiplicación in vitro de vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) y su caracterización morfogénica
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Villegas-Ramírez, Juan Gabriel
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Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Abstract
La presente investigación se realizó en el Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria Biotecnología
y Veterinaria (CIABIV) de la Escuela Técnica Agrícola e Industrial (ETAI) en Santa Clara de San
Carlos en el periodo 2019-2021. El objetivo fue el de establecer una metodología para incrementar
el coeficiente de multiplicación de la vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) por medio de
Biorreactores de Inmersión Temporal (BIT) e identificar las rutas morfogénicas a través de la
histología.
Para los efectos, se utilizó material vegetal proporcionado por la ETAI y el Instituto Tecnológico
de Costa Rica (ITCR) para su evaluación en los BIT. Se realizaron tres ensayos:(1) tiempo de
inmersión, con tres tratamientos: 5, 10, 15 min/inmersión; (2) frecuencia de inmersión con los
tratamientos de 6, 12 y 18 horas, y (3) volumen de medio de cultivo considerando como
tratamientos: 20 ml, 40 ml y 60 ml de medio/explante. Como unidades experimentales se usaron
15 unidades BIT con 10 explantes de vainilla con tres nudos cada uno. Se utilizó un medio de
cultivo conteniendo las sales Murashige y Skoog (MS) suplementado con 1 mg/l de BA y 1 mg/l
de caseína hidrolizada. Las condiciones del cuarto de crecimiento se controlaron con un
fotoperiodo de 16 horas, una temperatura de 27 C° +/- 3 y una humedad relativa de 70 %.
Los mayores coeficientes de multiplicación se obtuvieron con las variables tiempo de inmersión
de 15 minutos, frecuencia de inmersión de cada 6 horas y volumen de 40 ml/explante. Al comparar
dichas condiciones obtenidas en los BIT con el medio semisólido se pudo comprobar mediante
una prueba de t de student que el BIT superó en 16 brotes al medio convencional, a las 6 semanas
después de la siembra.
Para el estudio histológico, las plantas de vainilla obtenidas de los BIT se fijaron en formaldehido:
alcohol: ácido acético (FAA) (1:1:8 v/v) durante 24 horas, la deshidratación se realizó
gradualmente con etanol y se finalizó con xileno. Los tejidos se infiltraron en paraplast ®️ y
posteriormente fueron cortados en secciones de 10 µm usando un micrómetro rotatorio. La tinción
de los tejidos se realizó con Safranina y Fast Green y se observaron en un microscopio compuesto.
Tanto en BIT como en medio semisólido se evidenció la respuesta de una ruta organogénica.
This research was carried out at the Center for Research in the Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria Biotecnología y Veterinaria (CIABIV) of the Escuela Técnica Agrícola e Industrial (ETAI) in Santa Clara de San Carlos. The objective was to establish a methodology to increase the multiplication coefficient of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) by means of Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIB) and to identify the morphogenic routes through histology. For this purpose, it began with the introduction of the plant material provided by the ETAI and the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR) and the evaluation in the TIB. For this, three trials were carried out with three treatments each, where the immersion time was evaluated, with three treatments: 5, 10, 15 min / immersion; Furthermore, the frequency of immersion every 6, 12 and 18 hours was studied and finally the volume of culture medium was determined considering as treatments: 20 ml, 40 ml and 60 ml of medium / explant. 15 TIB units were used, with 10 vanilla explants with three nodes each as the experimental unit. A culture medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts supplemented with 1 mg / l of BA and 1 mg / l of hydrolyzed casein was used. The conditions of the growth room were controlled with a photoperiod of 16 hours, a temperature of 27 ° C +/- 3 and a relative humidity of 70%. With the conditions in which the study was carried out, the highest multiplication coefficients in response to the best immersion time was 15 minutes, the best immersion frequency was every 6 hours and the best volume was 40 ml / explant . When comparing these conditions obtained in the TIB with the semi-solid medium, it was possible to verify by means of a t de student test that the TIB exceeded the conventional medium in 16 shoots, at 6 weeks after sowing. For the histological study, the vanilla plants obtained from the TIB were fixed in formaldehyde: alcohol: acetic acid (FAA) (1: 1: 8 v / v) for 24 hours, dehydration was carried out gradually with ethanol and was finished with xylene. The tissues were infiltrated in paraplast®️and subsequently cut into 10 µm sections using a rotary micrometer. Tissue staining was performed with Safranin and Fast Green and observed under a compound microscope. Both in TIB and in a semi-solid medium, the response of an organogenic pathway was evidenced.
This research was carried out at the Center for Research in the Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria Biotecnología y Veterinaria (CIABIV) of the Escuela Técnica Agrícola e Industrial (ETAI) in Santa Clara de San Carlos. The objective was to establish a methodology to increase the multiplication coefficient of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) by means of Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIB) and to identify the morphogenic routes through histology. For this purpose, it began with the introduction of the plant material provided by the ETAI and the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR) and the evaluation in the TIB. For this, three trials were carried out with three treatments each, where the immersion time was evaluated, with three treatments: 5, 10, 15 min / immersion; Furthermore, the frequency of immersion every 6, 12 and 18 hours was studied and finally the volume of culture medium was determined considering as treatments: 20 ml, 40 ml and 60 ml of medium / explant. 15 TIB units were used, with 10 vanilla explants with three nodes each as the experimental unit. A culture medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts supplemented with 1 mg / l of BA and 1 mg / l of hydrolyzed casein was used. The conditions of the growth room were controlled with a photoperiod of 16 hours, a temperature of 27 ° C +/- 3 and a relative humidity of 70%. With the conditions in which the study was carried out, the highest multiplication coefficients in response to the best immersion time was 15 minutes, the best immersion frequency was every 6 hours and the best volume was 40 ml / explant . When comparing these conditions obtained in the TIB with the semi-solid medium, it was possible to verify by means of a t de student test that the TIB exceeded the conventional medium in 16 shoots, at 6 weeks after sowing. For the histological study, the vanilla plants obtained from the TIB were fixed in formaldehyde: alcohol: acetic acid (FAA) (1: 1: 8 v / v) for 24 hours, dehydration was carried out gradually with ethanol and was finished with xylene. The tissues were infiltrated in paraplast®️and subsequently cut into 10 µm sections using a rotary micrometer. Tissue staining was performed with Safranin and Fast Green and observed under a compound microscope. Both in TIB and in a semi-solid medium, the response of an organogenic pathway was evidenced.
Description
Tesis (Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología para la Sostenibilidad) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica, Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales para el Desarrollo, 2021.